Abstract: The abolition of the imperial examination and the establishment of the new school of system in the New Deal in the late Qing dynasty accelerated and deepened the formation of urban and rural dual structure, mainly manifested in the following aspects:First,it made traditional old-style private school spreading over country lose value, while new-style schools located in the city, which lead to lack rural education resources, and the education gap between urban and rural varied significantly. Second, it made the gentry enjoying imperial fame no longer had the privilege,their social states declined,and their future and livelihoods were facing a crisis,thus,a large number of them entered the city,the phenomenon caused Matthew effect. Third, the farming and reading culture basing on imperial examination declined, rural cultural status decreased significantly. Therefore, the concept of attaching more importance on city,while,neglecting country was continuing till today because of path dependence.