国外干旱典型区农业防旱抗旱政策及对我国的启示

Agriculture Drought Preparedness Policy of Foreign Typical Arid Zone and Its Revelation to China

  • 摘要: 随着全球气候变暖及人类社会经济的发展和人口的膨胀,干旱已成为世界性的问题,干旱影响最大、受灾最直接的是农业。在长期应对农业旱灾的过程中,世界各国逐渐形成了自己特有的抗旱策略。在总结国外典型干旱国家,美国、澳大利亚、以色列和非洲地区应对干旱灾害经验的基础上,得出对我国抗旱工作的启示:转变干旱管理理念,健全抗旱法律体系;建立统一协调的抗旱行政管理机构;加强干旱监测和预报,提高预警能力;改革灌溉技术,发展高技术节水灌溉农业;扩大农业灾害补贴,建立农业保险体系;加强水危机意识教育,树立节水观念等,以期为我国进一步提高农业防旱抗旱能力提供决策参考。

     

    Abstract: With the expansion of the global warming and the development of human social and economic, as well as population growth, drought has become a worldwide problem, which affects agriculture most largest and directly. In the process of long-term response to agricultural drought, many countries gradually formed its own unique drought policy. Based on summing up the experience of dealing with drought disaster of typical foreign arid countries, such as the United States, Australia, Israel and Africa, this paper draws inspiration from the following aspects:transforming drought management philosophy, perfecting Drought legal system; establishing a unified and coordinated Drought administrative agencies; strengthening drought monitoring and forecasting, improving early warning capacities; reforming irrigation technology, developing high-tech water-saving irrigation agriculture; increasing agricultural disaster subsidies, establishing agricultural insurance system; strengthening water crisis awareness education, establishing the concept of water conservation, etc., in order to offer decision reference for further improve the ability of drought control.

     

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