Abstract: Through introducing the overview, distribution and land use types of minority slash-and-burn cultivation, as well as two new types of land source ecological use, that is natural forest protection project and conversion cropland to forest and grassland project, this article explores the survival evolution of minority slash-and-burn cultivation. Minority slash-and-burn cultivation in Yunnan areas changed qualitatively after influenced by the new type of land source ecological use, and generated a new type of ecological use. This change contains wisdom of land source ecological use, and it is a new type of land source ecological use deriving from slash-and-burn cultivation.