Abstract: More than half of the elderly live in rural areas in China. The quality of their living conditions are related with the development of China's old-age care. Using the data of SSAPUR (Sample Survey on Aged Population in Urban/Rural)in 2006 and 2010, this paper discusses the development of the rural elderly living conditions from several aspects and make a few policy implications to improve their living conditions, including building economic income security system, consolidating and strengthening the leading position of family supporting, perfecting the medical security system, developing the rural community health service, attaching great importance to the elderly spiritual and cultural life, encouraging and supporting their social participation, etc.