Abstract: Doctoral dissertation is one of the most representative works of the young Marx,it also shows the thought of young Marx is influenced by Fichte, who is the young Hagel school traces. Apparently, the young Marx was discussing the differences between ancient Greek philosopher Democritus and Epicurus in natural philosophy, in fact, on the one hand, the self-consciousness philosophy of Marx reached to new level, on the other hand, the thought suggested young Marx also maintained a certain degree of vigilance to self-consciousness philosophy. Through the obscure philosophical terms and debate, it could find young Marx's self consciousness philosophy is significant for realizing self-consciousness philosophy, correctly.