Abstract: Eliminate poverty is still the biggest global complicated challenges facing the world today. In order to find the root of poverty, targeted therapy, and analyze the poverty with multi-dimension, the techniques developed to measure multiple dimensional data were introduced to the study on characteristics and causes of the poverty in this paper. A case study was performed on 116 poverty families in Qianchang and Shaqiao, which are located in Chuxiong YiAutonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, China. The results showed:(1)There are four main poverty reasons in local poor families, including lacking of funding, technology, industry and convenient transportation, which are the focus of future poverty alleviation in Chuxiong. While, Lacking of labor, drinking water and spending type poverty reasons are minor causes for local poor families. Thus, in order to eliminate poverty from the root, general solutions should be adopted aiming at main difficulties, and special supporting measures should be carried out to help each family aiming at specific difficulties.(2)The multiple dimensional data analyzing techniques is possible to target the poor families, to compare the composition of poverty, to monitor the level and reduction of poverty accurately.