Abstract: The opium cultivation of Nujiang watershed presents the characteristics of continuous and extensive, it impacted on agriculture, farmer and rural Area in modern times.Opium cultivation prevailed, agricultural labor force was occupied, agricultural capital run off; rural social atmosphere was from bad to worse, comparing unrealistically and steal was in vogue, opium was entertained guests usually.The production and life of farmers was influenced by opium, the opium had greatly distorted the development of agriculture, farmer and rural area in a healthy and ordered way in Nujiang watershed