Abstract: In this paper, it tooks Minjiang River Basin as the research object, conducting field surveys about the WTP and WTA of the residents, using contingent valuation method (CVM).The conclusions are as follows:(1) residents' concept of environment protection is strong, and they are very willing to take part in the project;(2)the cognitive responsibility of ecological construction between downstream and upstream residents is different, and it has large gap between their WTP and WTA;(3) the ecological compensation standard of Minjiang River Basin based on CVM is 1.251 022 1 billion RMB/year, it is much higher than the current compensation standard. Therefore, the government should fully consider residents' willingness to compensate, raise compensation funds through various channels, and gradually increase compensation standard, at the same time, broaden the income source of farmers and increase their income.