英汉人体词“nose”和“鼻”一词多义转义范畴认知对比研究
The Comparative Study of the Categories of Semantic Extension of Polysemy between English and Chinese Body Terms “Nose” and “Bi” from the Cognitive Perspective
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摘要: 由于语言的基础是词汇, 而词汇的核心是词义, 因此一词多义是一种非常重要的语言现象。一直以来, 隐喻和转喻常常只是被当作修辞手段进行了研究, 没有揭示出二者的实质。本文从认知的角度对隐喻和转喻进行了研究, 指出了二者是词义演化和一词多义的认知机制, 这样, 就把认知主体人包含了其中, 抛弃了对语言进行封闭式的、内省式的研究。此外, 范畴化作为人类认知世界的一种重要的方式, 具有重要的认知属性, 而人体词作为人类认知世界的起点, 是认知的元概念, 因此, 对英汉人体词一词多义的转义范畴的对比研究具有重要的触及认知主体思维模式和认知方式本质的认知意义。该项对比研究不仅对于词义演化和一词多义有更深入的认识, 而且对于认知主体的思维特点也会有更深入的了解。Abstract: Vocabulary is the foundation of languages, and the core of vocabulary is meaning, so polysemy is a very important language phenomenon. For a long time, metaphor and metonymy have been studied as rhetorical devices, which failed to reveal the nature of the two. This paper attempts to study the two from the cognitive perspective, in this way, to include the cognitive subjects the person and abandon the enclosed, introspective study of the language. In addition, categorization is an important cognitive means of humans, and body terms, as the cognitive starting point of the world, are the meta-concepts of cognition, so the comparative study of the categories of semantic extension of polysemy between English and Chinese body terms from the cognitive perspective has important cognitive meaning to touch the thinking modes and cognitive means of the cognitive subjects. This study can not only contribute to a deeper understanding to the semantic evolution, but also can contribute to a better understanding to the thinking and cognitive characteristics of the cognitive subjects.
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