Abstract: Chinese-style modernization is socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China, and its essence lies in the modernization of people. The development of Chinese-style modernization is inseparable from the modernization of people; guiding Chinese-style modernization through the modernization of people is an inevitable choice for comprehensively building a great modern socialist country. People are both the drivers and beneficiaries of modernization, and the modernization of people serves as the endogenous driving force for promoting high-quality economic and social development, achieving common prosperity for all, and fostering the coordinated development of material and spiritual civilization. Currently, advancing Chinese-style modernization through the modernization of people faces multiple practical challenges, including the inertial constraints of capital logic, demographic structural transitions, dual dilemmas in spiritual and cultural development, lagging institutional supply, and unbalanced and insufficient development. These interrelated factors constrain the comprehensive modernization of people. In the new development stage, we must adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, promote the organic integration of “investing in things” and “investing in people”, facilitate the transformation of demographic dividends into talent dividends, strengthen the development of spiritual civilization, deepen institutional reforms, and equalize public services. This will comprehensively enhance the modernization level of people’s mindsets, capabilities, moral character, and behavioral patterns, thereby providing solid subjective support for the comprehensive advancement of Chinese-style modernization.