Abstract: Agricultural new quality productivity represent the innovative application of the new quality productivity theory in the agricultural sector and serve as a crucial driver for advancing agricultural and rural modernization. As a core category of historical materialism, the mode of production functions as the theoretical hub for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms of social development. Thus, constructing a new agricultural production mode becomes the fundamental pathway for developing agricultural new quality productivity. This pathway holds profound strategic significance: it is a key lever for resolving deep-seated contradictions in agricultural and rural development, a systematic carrier for integrating agricultural powerhouse construction with rural revitalization, and a value destination common prosperity and civilizational transformation. Therefore, in the practice of constructing the new agricultural production mode, it is imperative to fully leverage the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, taking future industries such as artificial intelligence, green technology, and facility agriculture as core carriers and leading forces. Through the dual synergistic drive of technological revolution and institutional innovation, agricultural new quality productivity should be genuinely transformed into robust support for agricultural and rural modernization.