Abstract: Against the backdrop of the coordinated advancement of ecological civilization construction and rural revitalization, ecological conservation areas serve not only as ecological security barriers but also as spaces for the integrated development of agriculture, culture, and tourism. Taking Beijing’ s Ecological Conservation Area as the research field, this paper explores the formation mechanism of public participation in ecological protection within agri-culture-tourism integration contexts, centering on the analytical lens of “eco-cultural experience—ecological identity—public participatory behavior—ecological governance effect.” The study finds that public participation in ecological conservation areas is essentially a social process that gradually takes shape through experience, identity, and action. Such participation is often rooted in everyday eco-cultural experiences; ecological identity serves as the key mediator through which experience is transformed into participation, as sustained contact fosters ecological value cognition, emotional attachment, and a sense of responsibility, thereby promoting participatory behavior. Participatory behavior itself displays certain levels, ranging from rule compliance and civilized reminders to voluntary collaboration and issue reporting. Its sustainability and governance effects, in turn, depend on the combined role of scene construction, cultural communication, interest linkage, and capacity building.