Abstract: Based on Actor-Network Theory, this paper examines the interactions, translation mechanisms, and network outcomes among multiple actors in the knowledge production of agricultural economics. The findings reveal that such knowledge production is a social process involving public sectors, agribusiness actors, and academic institutions, where policy knowledge, practical knowledge, and academic knowledge undergo bidirectional translation through problematization, interessement, and enrollment, jointly shaping the discipline’ s knowledge forms and discourse system. Currently, the actor-network in China’ s agricultural economics knowledge production assumes three typical configurations: collaborative-integrated, structurally imbalanced, and fragmented. Advancing toward the collaborative-integrated model requires establishing mechanisms for actor collaboration, facilitating bidirectional knowledge translation, cultivating an academic community with shared consensus, and developing an autonomous knowledge production system capable of effectively responding to the demands of Chinese-style agricultural modernization.