Abstract: Against the backdrop of the rapid advancement of digitalization, the development of digital villages is increasingly emerging as a pivotal driver for enhancing the resilience of the agricultural economy and facilitating high-quality agricultural growth. Based on the panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2014 to 2023, this study systematically examined how digital rural construction affected agricultural economic resilience and explored its transmission mechanism by employing a two-way fixed-effects model and a mediation model. The findings revealed that the development of digital villages significantly enhanced agricultural economic resilience, with this positive impact being more pronounced in the frequent natural disaster-prone areas, major grain-producing regions, and the pilot areas of high-digital villages. Its transmission mechanism mainly lied in promoting agricultural technological innovation. Accordingly, efforts should continue to be made to promote the construction of digital villages, strengthen agricultural technological innovation, and implement differentiated supportive policies to enhance the resilience of the agricultural economy.