Abstract: The characteristic agriculture of Yunnan Plateau, which is rooted in the unique geographical climate resources and cultural traditions, not only conforms to the general laws of agricultural modernization, but also highlights the characteristics of Yunnan’ s regional and resource endowments. In the new stage of development, the deep interaction between the new quality productivity of agriculture and the high-quality development and modernization of agriculture constitutes the core logic of the modernization of Yunnan Plateau characteristic agriculture. Yunnan, based on the situation of the province, explores the “Yunnan paradigm” of agricultural modernization by clarifying the development orientation through concept innovation, constructing technical support through scientific and technological innovation, consolidating the quality foundation through ecological transformation, stimulating development vitality through institutional innovation, and enhancing industrial capability through the integration of the whole chain. This paradigm not only promotes the transformation of Yunnan from a large province of traditional agriculture to a strong province of agriculture, but also provides a useful reference and enlightenment for the modernization of agriculture in western provinces (autonomous regions) of China under the dual requirements of resource conservation and ecological protection.