Abstract: The low-carbon development of agriculture is the ecological foundation for building “green mountains and clear waters” and realizing “golden mountains and silver mountains” . This article uses the IPCC carbon emission model to calculate the total agricultural carbon emissions, and uses the Kaya identity to structurally decompose the driving factors of carbon emissions. The aim is to systematically reveal the evolution law and driving mechanism of agricultural carbon emissions in Yunnan Province, and provide scientific basis for regional agricultural carbon reduction. Research has found that from 2004 to 2022, the overall agricultural carbon emissions in Yunnan Province showed a slow downward trend, and the month on month growth rate of carbon emissions slowed down year by year; From the perspective of agricultural production inputs, the use of chemical fertilizers is the largest emission source for agricultural production in Yunnan Province, followed by the use of agricultural films; The level of agricultural productivity and urbanization are the main driving factors for agricultural carbon reduction, while the impact of agricultural industrial structure adjustment on agricultural carbon reduction is relatively limited, and the level of regional economic development has a negative driving effect on agricultural carbon reduction. Conclusion: Since 2017, Yunnan Province has achieved significant results in reducing agricultural carbon emissions, and the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure has been optimized. However, regional economic development and agricultural carbon reduction still face challenges. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve agricultural production efficiency, expand the mechanism for realizing the value of agricultural products, promote the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure through green development, and jointly promote agricultural carbon reduction through the path of new urbanization.