Abstract: Against the backdrop of rural revitalization and common prosperity strategies, coupled with the deep penetration of the digital economy into rural areas, this study investigates the mechanism and effects of rural economic resilience, mediated by digital village construction, on the quality upgrading of farmers’ consumption. The research holds significant implications for activating rural domestic demand and promoting the upgrading of farmers’ consumption. Based on panel data from 30 provincial from 2013 to 2022, this paper employs empirical methods such as fixed-effects models, threshold models, and mediation effects to analyze the transmission pathways and intrinsic mechanisms of rural economic resilience on farmers’ consumption levels and structures. The results indicate, firstly, significant nonlinear positive correlation between rural economic resilience and farmers’ consumption. Secondly, rural economic resilience maintains a significant positive effect on farmers’ consumption structure under both mechanism and robustness tests. Finally, the promotional effect of rural economic resilience on the quality upgrading of farmers’ consumption exhibits regional heterogeneity, with a more pronounced impact in western regions compared to eastern and central regions. Accordingly, it is essential to implement precise policies based on different development stages of rural economic resilience, expand the construction of rural digital infrastructure, strengthen policy support in western regions, adjust agricultural industry and product structures in central regions, and promote the qualitative development of rural economic resilience in eastern regions, thereby further driving the quality upgrading of farmers’ consumption.