Abstract: Smart agriculture, as a direction of agricultural transformation driven by artificial intelligence technology, has strategic significance in enhancing the international competitiveness of agriculture and is also an inevitable choice for China to achieve the goal of agricultural modernization. Based on the “policy technology industry” analysis framework, this study explored the practical foundation, constraints and implementation path of the development of smart agriculture in China. Research has found that, the current development of smart agriculture in China has been facing weak agricultural infrastructure, limited scale operation due to land fragmentation, scattered agricultural data hindering shared applications, a shortage of versatile talents, and insufficient funding. By comparing and studying the experiences of the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, and Israel in policy support, technology transformation, and industrial synergy, and combining with the current situation of agricultural development in China, the following Implementation paths are proposed: implementing high standard farmland construction guided by the demand for developing smart agriculture, promoting land system reform with a focus on “separation of three rights” , breaking down agricultural information barriers to build a “smart map” shared by the whole nation, innovating collaborative education mechanisms to implement new vocational farmer cultivation projects, innovating investment and financing mechanisms to explore cost reduction and efficiency improvement paths for smart agriculture, and strengthening the construction of intelligent agriculture large model to improve scientific production decision-making.