Abstract: Artificial intelligence has become a new engine for the development of China's economy, and is having a profound impact on the economic structure and way of life. Based on provincial panel data from 2013 to 2023, the impact of artificial intelligence on farmers’ income was analyzed. The study showed that, artificial intelligence significantly improved farmers’ income, and the conclusion had strong robustness; In the eastern region, when the level of artificial intelligence was higher and farmers’ income was lower, the role of artificial intelligence in increasing farmers’ income was greater; The mechanism by which artificial intelligence enhanced farmers’ income was to improve agricultural total factor productivity, promote land transfer, and facilitate non-agricultural employment; The relationship between education level and digital rural construction could play a positive moderating effect, enhancing the role of artificial intelligence in increasing farmers’ income. Based on the research findings, countermeasures have been proposed from three aspects: strengthening the application of artificial intelligence in the agricultural field, promoting the construction of digital countryside and enhancing the human capital level of farmers. The aim is to leverage the role of artificial intelligence to help farmers increase their income.