Abstract: The quality of arable land has a bearing on food security, ecological security and even national security. In order to explore the key to comprehensively improve the level of arable land quality and the efficiency of rural land resources utilization in the context of rural grassroots autonomy, this paper empirically examined the impact of organized transfer on farm households’ arable land quality protection behaviors as well as its mechanism of action and heterogeneity effects based on the data of 844 samples from the 2020—2022 China Land Economic Survey data using the endogenous transformation model. The study found that, participation in organized transfers had a significant contribution to the behavior of arable land quality protection, and a variety of tests proved that, the findings were robust. Mechanism analysis showed that, transfer plot size and land transfer procedures played a part in the process with 20.34% and 27.07% mediating effects respectively. Heterogeneity analysis showed that, differences in geographic location, cultivated crops, and age of the household head all altered the impact of organized transfers on farmers’ cropland quality protection behavior. Therefore, in order to incentivize farmers to implement cultivated land quality protection behavior, improve cultivated land quality to ensure food security, we should consolidate the results of confirming the right to guarantee the orderly transfer; focus on the differences between groups and implement the local conditions; promote the organization of the transfer to achieve the appropriate scale; and strengthen the construction of platforms and standardize the transfer procedures.