Abstract: The southwestern border is one of the important settlements of ethnic minorities in China, with a low level of economic development and complex population distribution, geography, history, and social environment. Due to the deep influence of history, nationality, religion and culture, governance is more difficult. Multi ethnic community, multi subject collaborative governance is better than the traditional single subject social governance model. However, this model also needs to deal with many complex and multi-dimensional social governance challenges. Based on the field study of Nujiang Prefecture, Dali Prefecture, Lancang County in Yunnan Province, and Changdu in Tibet Autonomous Region, and combined with the questionnaire survey and interview data of multi-ethnic community, this paper analyzed the dilemma of multi-ethnic community, multi-ethnic community and multi-ethnic subject collaborative governance in the southwest frontier, propose ways to enhance the participation and capacity of villagers, established a negotiation platform for multi-party co governance, standardize the cultivation of multi-ethnic community social organizations, and established a mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of multi-party collaborative co governance.