Abstract: Being brave in self-revolution is the inherent requirement of proletarian political parties to keep their true colors forever, and it is a remarkable sign that the Communist Party of China (CPC) is different from other political parties. The generation of Lenin’ s Party’ s thought of self-revolution in the period of new economic policy is based on the theoretical basis of Marxist thought of self-revolution, the urgent need of the political situation of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) at home and abroad, and the inherent requirement of the progressiveness and purity of proletarian political parties. This idea runs through all aspects of party building, which is manifested in preventing mental slack in self-purification, separation from the masses in self-improvement, negative corruption in self-innovation and lack of ability in self-improvement. Reviewing the Party’ s self-revolutionary thought in the new economic policy period is of great historical and practical significance for upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, maintaining the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the people, and promoting the building of a clean and honest party style and the anti-corruption struggle.