Abstract: Accelerating the construction of a modern agricultural industrial system in Yunnan is an important measure to implement the spirit of the important speech and instructions of General Secretary XI Jinping during his inspection of Yunnan. Based on Yunnan’ s resource endowment and development reality, leading the development of plateau characteristic agriculture with the concept of new quality productivity is conducive to providing new impetus for regional agricultural modernization and efficiently promoting Yunnan’ s leapfrog development from a major agricultural province to a strong characteristic agricultural province. This article analyzed the current situation of developing new quality productivity and building a modern agricultural industrial system in Yunnan Province. Based on industrial cases such as coffee and tea, it explored the experience, achievements and main inspirations of new quality productive forces empowering the development of characteristic agricultural industries. Finally, countermeasures and suggestions were proposed, such as innovating the path for improving the quality and efficiency of production factor allocation in agricultural modernization, building a scientific and technological innovation-driven mechanism for the agricultural modernization industrial system, and shaping a sustainable development paradigm oriented towards green and low-carbon in the agricultural industry, with the aim of providing local practice samples for similar regions in China.