Abstract: In the context of the era of rural revitalisation and the parallel promotion of the digital China strategy, it is of practical significance to explore the impact of the intertwined dynamics of rural population ageing and digital economy on China’ s economic growth. Taking the panel data of 30 provincial-level administrative regions in China from 2014 to 2023 as the research sample, Use two-way fixed-effects model to empirically analyze the impact of rural population aging on China’ s economic growth, and use mediated-effects model to test the existence of the role of the digital economy in the path of the impact of rural population aging on economic growth.The study shows that rural population aging has an inhibitory effect on China’ s economic growth, especially on the eastern region and the tertiary economic growth. At the same time, the digital economy plays a partial intermediary role in the process of rural population aging affecting economic growth, which is more prominent in the eastern region and the tertiary industry. In this regard, suggestions are made to strengthen the pension security and talent support system, accelerate the comprehensive layout and empowerment of digital China as well as promote the synergistic and balanced development of regional industries in order to achieve sustainable economic growth.