Abstract: In the context of the era of rural revitalisation and the parallel promotion of the digital China strategy, it is of practical significance to explore the impact of the intertwined dynamics of rural population ageing and digital economy on China’ s economic growth. Taking the panel data of 30 provincial-level administrative regions in China from 2014 to 2023 as the research sample, two-way fixed-effects model was used to empirically analyze the impact of rural population aging on China’ s economic growth, and used mediated-effects model to test the existence of the role of the digital economy in the path of the impact of rural population aging on economic growth. The study showed that, rural population aging had an inhibitory effect on China’ s economic growth, especially on the eastern region and the tertiary economic growth. At the same time, the digital economy played a partial intermediary role in the process of rural population aging affecting economic growth, which was more prominent in the eastern region and the tertiary industry. In this regard, suggestions were made to strengthen the pension security and talent support system, accelerate the comprehensive layout and empowerment of digital China as well as promote the synergistic and balanced development of regional industries in order to achieve sustainable economic growth.