Abstract: Adjusting the planting structure is one of the effective ways to reduce the abandonment of agricultural land and optimize the utilization of agricultural land resources. Taking the amount of reused abandoned agricultural land per household as the dependent variable, the adjustment value of planting structure as the main independent variable, and the fiscal subsidies available per hectare of agricultural land, the credit quota available per hectare of agricultural land, and the last two years investment in farmland water conservancy facilities per hectare of agricultural land as control variables, this study used a regression discontinuity model to empirically investigate whether adjusting the planting structure was conducive to reusing abandoned agricultural land and reducing its quantity. The results indicated a positive relationship between the adjustment of planting structure and the quantity of reused abandoned agricultural land; the higher the adjustment value of the planting structure, the greater the quantity of reused abandoned agricultural land per household. Therefore, adjusting the planting structure was beneficial in reducing the number of abandoned agricultural lands. Consequently, the government needs to make appropriate adjustments to the planting structure from the perspectives of agricultural supply-side management and the Rural Revitalization strategy; it should adopt a broader food concept and shift from traditional food perceptions; and without violating the basic attributes of agricultural land, appropriately change the traditional use directions of abandoned agricultural land to produce agricultural products with faster-growing revenues.