Abstract: The new quality productivity of digital agriculture is crucial to the high quality development of agriculture. Based on the vision of high quality development, a new quality productivity measurement system of digital agriculture was constructed, and entropy method, Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition and geographic detector were used to estimate the development level, regional differences and driving factors of new quality productivity of digital agriculture in China from 2011 to 2022. The results showed that, the development level of new quality productivity in China’ s digital agriculture showed an upward trend, which was divided into transition period, cultivation period and development period, but the regional development was unbalanced; The new quality productivity of digital agriculture in China did not show obvious differentiation, and the intra-regional differences were ranked from high to low as eastern region, western region, northeast region and central region. The regional differences between eastern region and northeast region and western region were the largest, and the supervariable density was the main source of regional differences. The number of agricultural technology patents was a key driving factor for the development of new quality productivity in China’ s digital agriculture. To this end, the regional coordinated development project of new infrastructure of digital agriculture should be implemented, and the collaborative innovation ecosystem of “production, university, research and use” of digital agriculture should be built.