Abstract: In the background of the rapid development of the digital economy, digital transformation has become an important factor to promote the high-quality development of listed agricultural companies, and is the key to promote the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure of listed agricultural companies. Taking China’ s A-share agricultural listed companies in 2014—2023 as the sample, using the panel fixed effects and other models to conduct empirical tests, this article deeply discussed the impact mechanism of digital transformation on diversified operation and enterprise performance. The research results showed that, digital transformation could obviously promote the diversification operation, that was, improve the level of diversification in the enterprises with strong profitability and high operation ability, improve the level of diversification in the study of diversification operation and performance, digital transformation could enhance the impact of diversification performance. Through the above research, we can explore the synergy between digital transformation, diversified operation and enterprise performance, so as to provide paths and suggestions for the high-quality development of listed agricultural companies under the current background.