Abstract: The reorganization of farmers is a key path in the process of agricultural modernization in China and is of great significance for achieving the effective connection between small-scale farmers and modern agriculture. Over the past century since the founding of the Communist Party of China, the Party has adhered to the people-centered philosophy, and in accordance with the evolution of the rural economic structure, policy orientation, and the needs of farmers, it has continuously promoted the development of farmers’ organization. This process has gone through stages such as land reform, the cooperative movement, the household contract responsibility system, and the emergence of new organizational forms. Based on Marxist agricultural cooperation theory, this article analyzed the generative logic of farmers’ reorganization, combed through its development process, and proposed practical approaches. These included leading with Marxist theory of agricultural cooperation, aiming for the coordinated promotion of the “five revitalizations” in rural areas, strengthening the “trinity” comprehensive agricultural cooperation as a key measure, and adhering to systematic thinking as a methodological guide. Through these measures, the aim was to provide strong support for the development of China’ s agriculture and rural areas, and to help rural areas steadily move towards the goal of modernization, realizing the beautiful vision of a strong agriculture, a beautiful countryside, and a prosperous life for farmers.