Abstract: Based on the panel data of 30 provinces and municipalities in China from 2011 to 2021, this paper constructed a provincial-level common wealth index, and on this basis, through the construction of fixed effect model, intermediary effect model and threshold effect model, the relationship among digital inclusive finance, agricultural industrial structure upgrading and common prosperity was deeply discussed. The conclusion from the baseline regression analysis showed that, digital financial inclusion played a positive role in promoting the process of common prosperity, and the conclusion was still valid after passing the endogeneity test and robustness test. Mechanism analysis revealed that, the upgrading of agricultural industrial structure played an intermediary role in the promotion of common prosperity by digital inclusive finance. Through the threshold analysis, it was concluded that, the influence of digital inclusive finance on common prosperity was non-linear, and digital inclusive finance had threshold effect in the process of promoting common prosperity. In addition, through the heterogeneity analysis, it was found that, there were significant regional differences in promoting common prosperity of digital financial inclusion, and the role of digital financial inclusion in promoting common prosperity in central and eastern regions was more prominent than that in western regions.