Abstract: Utilizing panel data encompassing 30 provinces throughout China from 2013 to 2022, an empirical analysis was conducted to examine the impact and underlying mechanisms of new-form productivity in enabling high-quality agricultural development. The study found that, new-form productivity significantly promoted high-quality agricultural development, and this conclusion remained valid after conducting tests for endogeneity and robustness. Mechanism tests further indicated that, new-form productivity empowered high-quality agricultural development by enhancing agricultural green total factor productivity (AGTFP), while AGTFP also exhibited a threshold effect. Heterogeneity analysis revealed regional variations in the enabling effect of new-quality productivity on the high-quality development of agriculture, with notable promotional effects observed in the central and eastern regions but insignificant effects in the western and northeastern regions. Based on these findings, the following recommendations were proposed: grasp the key points of agricultural new-quality productivity development to further empower high-quality agricultural development; enhance agricultural green total factor productivity to strengthen the driving effect of new-quality productivity on high-quality agricultural development; and develop new-quality productivity according to local conditions to advance the process of empowering high-quality agricultural development across various regions.