Abstract: High-quality agricultural development is a key component of Chinese-style modernization, and the construction and in-depth development of digital countryside provides a new way to promote the high-quality development of agriculture. Utilizing provincial panel data spanning from 2011 to 2022, this paper employs both fixed effect and intermediary effect models to explore the influence of digital rural construction on high-quality agricultural development, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. It is found that the construction of digital countryside can effectively enable high-quality agricultural development, and this conclusion remains valid after various robustness tests, and agricultural scientific and technological innovation and land transfer play an important intermediary role in this process. Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital rural construction has a more significant enabling effect on high-quality agricultural development in the eastern region and the main grain marketing region. Therefore, in the future, we should continue to deepen the construction of digital countryside, strengthen the agricultural science and technology innovation system, and provide digital technology support for high-quality agricultural development. We will improve the land transfer mechanism and further unleash the potential of agricultural development.