Abstract: As an important force in ensuring people’ s livelihood and promoting economic development, the livestock-related enterprises are actively promoting their own digital transformation in the era of rapid development of the digital economy. This article uses a two-way fixed-effect model to empirically test the impact of digital transformation on total factor productivity in listed livestock-related enterprises from 2007 to 2023. The results of the study show that the digital transformation of the livestock-related enterprises can significantly improve the total factor productivity. In the mechanism test, digital transformation can affect the total factor productivity of enterprises by reducing supply chain dependence and expanding economies of scale. In the heterogeneity analysis, empirical research found that digital transformation has a more significant impact on the total factor productivity of enterprises with short establishment time, enterprises with strong innovation capabilities, enterprises located in the “Broadband China” demonstration cities, non-state-owned enterprises, and enterprises in regions with developed animal husbandry. In addition, the digital transformation of the livestock-related enterprises has a marginal effect on total factor productivity. In summary, the article empirically studies the relationship between the digital transformation of the livestock-related enterprises and their total factor productivity, which is of great significance for the livestock-related enterprises to seize the opportunity of digital development, improve total factor productivity and promote the development of new quality productivity.