Abstract: Based on the relevant data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2010 to 2022, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of the comprehensive development level of agricultural insurance and agricultural modernization, and theoretically explores the coupling coordination mechanism of agricultural insurance and agricultural modernization. On this basis, the development characteristics of agricultural insurance and agricultural modernization in Yangtze River Delta region were analyzed by using entropy method, coupling coordination measure and Tobit panel model, and the relationship between their coordinated development was discussed. The results show that the coupling coordination degree of agricultural insurance and agricultural modernization in the Yangtze River Delta region shows a fluctuating growth trend from 2010 to 2022. The coupling coordination degree of Shanghai and some cities is higher than the regional average level, while Anhui Province is relatively backward. The coupling and coordination degree of the two systems developed from mild imbalance to barely coordination, and showed that the development of agricultural modernization was superior to the development of agricultural insurance. Promoting the high-quality development of agricultural insurance became the key to the coordinated development of the two systems in the Yangtze River Delta region. The coupling and coordinated development level of the two systems is influenced by the financial support of local governments, the development level of science and technology, and the level of education. Based on this, the government should actively promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture, clarify the functional positioning of agricultural insurance, and improve the benign interaction mechanism between agricultural insurance and agricultural modernization, so as to promote the high-quality coordinated development of the two.