Abstract: In order to narrow the differences in regional agricultural development and promote the high-quality development of agriculture, based on the general connotation and formation logic of agricultural new quality productivity, this paper constructed an evaluation index system for the development level of agricultural new quality productivity from three dimensions: agricultural laborers, agricultural labor materials and agricultural labor objects, and used the entropy method to measure the development level of agricultural new quality productivity in the western region (except Xizang) from 2012 to 2022. The Dagum Gini coefficient and decomposition method were used to measure the intra-regional and inter-regional differences and contribution rates of the development level of agricultural new quality productivity in 11 provinces in the western region. Through statistical measurement, we could accurately grasp the level of development of agricultural new quality productivity in the western region and the size of regional differences, and then put forward countermeasures and suggestions to reduce the regional differences in the development of new quality productivity in the western region and improve the development level of agricultural new quality productivity in various regions according to local conditions.