Abstract: The core and key to the common prosperity of spiritual life is to meet the needs of the spiritual life of the whole people, gradually eliminate the spiritual and psychological poverty of the whole people, and realize the spiritual wealth of the whole people. Therefore, strengthening the governance of rural residents’ psychological poverty and improving the spiritual realm and mental health literacy of rural residents play an important role in the comprehensive development of all people’ psychological behavior and the formation of a good social psychological atmosphere in rural areas. The current policy support and grass-roots party organizations have significantly promoted the governance of psychological poverty in rural areas, and the spiritual life of rural residents has been more abundant and their mental state has been improved. However, there are still some practical problems in the practice of rural psychological poverty governance, such as imbalance between supply and demand, insufficient social support, and insufficient subjective role. To advance the sustainable development of rural mental health services, and achieve the common prosperity of farmers’spiritual life, this study proposed implementing a dual-mechanism framework by integrating internal autonomous initiative and external support to establish a pluralistic governance community for psychological poverty.