Abstract: Improving agricultural production efficiency under carbon emission constraints is an important driving force to promote the green and high-quality development of agriculture in Fujian Province. Based on the panel data of 9 prefecture-level cities in Fujian Province from 2012 to 2022, this paper uses the Super-SBM model and GML model to comprehensively measure the agricultural productivity level of Fujian Province under the constraint of carbon emissions, and uses the Tobit model to analyze the influencing factors. The analysis results show that under the constraint of carbon emissions, the agricultural production efficiency of Fujian Province shows a significant upward trend, but there are also some problems, such as low technical efficiency, incompatibility between technical efficiency and technological progress, and unbalanced spatial evolution trend of agricultural production efficiency. Based on this, the authors believe that in order to promote the low-carbon and high-efficiency development of agriculture in Fujian Province, we should attach great importance to the important basic role of technological progress in improving agricultural production efficiency, establish a coordination mechanism for efficient operation between regions, and give full play to the radiation and driving role of growth poles.