Abstract: Under the background of rural revitalization, this paper explored the sustainable development capacity of China’ s rural revitalization by drawing on ESG concepts. It adopted methods such as the entropy weight method, Dagum’ s Gini coefficient method, and the spatial Durbin model to investigate the comprehensive development level of rural ESG (Environment, Society, and Governance), regional differences, spatial correlation, as well as nd influencing factors across 30 provincial-level regions in China from 2007 to 2021. The study revealed that during the investigation period, the comprehensive development level of rural ESG in China had shown an overall increase; however, the development across provinces and regions remained unbalanced, displaying a trend of “high in the east, fast in the center, and low in the west” . The overall Gini coefficient of regional disparity had exhibited a clear downward trend. The changes in internal disparities in the eastern and western regions were relatively similar, while the internal disparities in the central region were more complex. In terms of interregional disparities, the gap between the East-Central and East-West regions had widened year by year, whereas changes in the interregional disparities between the Central-West region had been less volatile. The internal differences between the eastern and western regions were similar, while the internal differences within the central region were more complex. The differences between the regions showed a trend characterized by expanding in the east, stabilizing in the middle, and stabilizing in the west. Furthermore, the study found that, factors such as rural green space coverage, township cultural stations, solar water heaters, and an advanced industrial structure positively impacted the development of rural ESG. Some of these factors also exhibited positive spillover effects on neighboring provincial-level regions. Therefore, to enhance the overall ESG development level of rural areas and narrow regional development disparities, it is essential to prioritize regional collaborative development, intensify environmental protection efforts, promote the upgrading of industrial structures, and strengthen the construction of cultural and digital infrastructure.