Abstract: The quality of arable land is crucial for ensuring China’ s food security and sustainable agricultural development. It is worth exploring how to promote the protection of arable land quality for food and agriculture. The article used data from the China Rural Revitalization Survey (CRRS) and empirically analyzed the impact and path of digital literacy on the adoption of cultivated land quality protection technologies based on the Oprobit model, in order to assist in land quality protection. The research results showed that, digital literacy had a significant positive impact on the adoption behavior of cultivated land quality protection technologies. After endogeneity treatment and a series of robustness tests, the conclusion still held true; Mechanism testing found that, digital literacy could promote the adoption of farmland quality protection technologies by enhancing information acquisition capabilities, increasing the adoption of agricultural socialized services, and strengthening the purchase of agricultural insurance; Heterogeneity analysis showed that, digital literacy had a significant behavioral response effect on farmers with smaller agricultural land management scales, unaffected areas, and villages with e-commerce service stations.