Abstract: The promulgation of land transfer policy is of great significance for realizing large-scale land management, from the perspective of rural labor transfer, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of rural labor transfer on both land out-transfer and in-transfer based on the four-phase sample data of Gansu Province from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), using the Probit model. The results indicate that rural labor transfer in Gansu Province has a significant impact on land transfer, with a positive effect on land out-transfer and a negative effect on land in-transfer. There is an endogenous problem between labor transfer and land transfer. Taking the highest family education in the transferred population as the instrumental variable, CMP estimation method is used to control the endogeneity, and the CMP estimation result is significant. The agricultural income level is divided into three stages for heterogeneity analysis, and it is found that farmers with middle agricultural income are the most active in the land transfer market.