Abstract: From the perspective of rural labor transfer, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of rural labor transfer on both land out-transfer and in-transfer based on the four-phase sample data of Gansu Province from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), using the Probit model. The results indicated that, rural labor transfer in Gansu Province had a significant impact on land transfer, with a positive effect on land out-transfer and a negative effect on land in-transfer. There was an endogenous problem between labor transfer and land transfer. Taking the highest family education in the transferred population as the instrumental variable, CMP estimation method was used to control the endogeneity, and the CMP estimation result was significant. The agricultural income level was divided into three stages for heterogeneity analysis, and it was found that, farmers with middle agricultural income were the most active in the land transfer market.