Abstract: This article used survey data from hilly areas in Jiangxi Province to verify whether the transfer of agricultural land management rights can effectively control farmland abandonment, and introduced government intervention variables to observe the heterogeneous impact of agricultural land management rights transfer on farmland abandonment under government intervention. Research had found that the transfer of agricultural land management rights could significantly promote the abandonment of farmland, but heterogeneity analysis results showed that, government intervention could effectively alleviate this trend; Further analysis revealed that, as the degree of rural households going out for work increases, the transfer of their agricultural land management rights would incentivize the abandonment of farmland. Finally, it was suggested to effectively leverage the power of government intervention, including improving agricultural production infrastructure through land consolidation, water conservancy construction and other means, improving the cultivation conditions of remote plots and avoiding their fate of abandonment.