Abstract: In recent years, the rapid development and wide application of digital technology have promoted the transformation and upgrading of agricultural production. In this context, cultivating the digital literacy of high-quality farmers as representatives of farmers in the new era and improving their production efficiency is the only way to realize the revitalization of rural industries. Based on the data of 335 high-quality farmers obtained from the survey of the “Head Goose” project of cultivating rural revitalization industry leaders in Fujian Province, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of digital literacy and innovation ability of high-quality farmers on their production efficiency by using Tobit regression and mediating effect model. The results show that the digital literacy level of high-quality farmers has a significant effect on their production efficiency. At the same time, innovation ability plays a partial mediating effect between the digital literacy level and production efficiency of high-quality farmers. Based on this, it is proposed that the production efficiency of high-quality farmers can be effectively improved by embedding stepped rural digital services, differentiating farmers’ cultivation and building digital resource sharing platforms.