Abstract: In recent years, the rapid development and wide application of digital technology have promoted the transformation and upgrading of agricultural production. In this context, cultivating the digital literacy of high-quality farmers as representatives of farmers in the new era and improving their production efficiency is the only way to realize the revitalization of rural industries. Based on the data of 335 high-quality farmers obtained from the survey of the “Head Goose” project of cultivating rural industry revitalization leaders in Fujian Province, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of digital literacy and innovation ability of high-quality farmers on their production efficiency by using Tobit regression and mediating effect model. The results showed that, the digital literacy level of high-quality farmers had a significant effect on their production efficiency. At the same time, innovation ability playsed a partial mediating effect between the digital literacy level and production efficiency of high-quality farmers. Based on this, it was proposed that, the production efficiency of high-quality farmers could be effectively improved by embedding stepped rural digital services, differentiating farmers’ cultivation and building digital resource sharing platforms.