Abstract: Urban-rural relations has evolved from being separate to being integrated, which should be an important foundation for the continuous enhancement of farmers’ subjectivity. However, farmers’ subjectivity presents a paradoxical phenomenon of “mobile subjectivity” and “loss of subjectivity” coexisting in the process. This paper started from the perspective of “structure-process” to reveal the essential attributes and loss logic of farmers’ subjectivity, and set farmers’ subjectivity inside the evolution of urban-rural relations to glimpse the “structural” causes and “process” attributes of farmers’ subjectivity, providing an explanation for the loss of farmers’ subjectivity. By sorting out the evolution of urban-rural relations, the paper summarized the iterative transmutation of farmers’ subjectivity, which could be shown that the evolution of urban-rural relations shapes the iterative transmutation of farmers’ subjectivity, and the expansion of farmers’ subjectivity also promated the rapidly evolution of urban-rurai relations, the farmers’ subjectivity orientation had changed from collectivization, family-oriented, individualization to individuation under the evolution of coercive, limited, protective and open urban-rural relations. Therefore, it could provide a source of power to only fully recognize the iterative transmutation of farmers’ subjectivity for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and achieving agricultural and rural modernization.