Abstract: As a high-tech, high-efficiency and high-quality productive force, new-quality productive force is crucial for China’ s economic transformation and upgrading and regional coordinated development. Based on the panel data of 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China from 2013 to 2022, a comprehensive evaluation index system of new-quality productive force and urban-rural balanced development was constructed. The development indexes of the two were calculated by using the entropy method. Through the coupling coordination degree model, Dagum Gini coefficient and Kernel density function, the degree of coupling coordination between the two and their regional differences and spatial evolution laws were deeply analyzed. The results show that the development level of new-quality productive force and urban-rural balanced development generally rises, but the overall level is not high, and the regional differences are significant. The eastern region develops faster. The coupling coordination degree between the two grows steadily, from low-level coordination to medium-level and then to high-level coordination. Geographically, the eastern region leads, the central region is in the middle, and the western region lags behind. The regional differences in the coupling coordination degree between new-quality productive force and urban-rural balanced development gradually increase, mainly caused by intra-regional and inter-regional differences.