Abstract: Consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and strictly preventing families from returning to poverty are urgent problems to be solved in the anti-poverty work in the new era. This paper took rural household resilience as the starting point, and used the panel data of the sixth phase of China Household Tracking Survey (CFPS) to build a double-fixed effect model of digital infrastructure construction and household economic resilience, and conducted mechanism test and difference analysis. The results showed that, digital infrastructure could significantly improve the economic resilience of rural households, and played a role in poverty reduction by improving the comprehensive quality of rural households, the level of non-agricultural employment and the value of agricultural products. From the perspective of family differences, rural families with strong comprehensive digital application ability could enjoy more digital facility benefits. From the perspective of regional differences, in rural areas with higher traditional infrastructure level and greater market segmentation, digital infrastructure had a more obvious effect on the economic resilience of rural families. The research conclusions had some policy implications for promoting the development of rural digital new quality productivity, consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and realizing common prosperity.