Abstract: Based on provincial panel data from 2013 to 2022, this study analyzed the impact and mechanism of rural digital economy on agricultural carbon emissions using a two-way fixed effects model and a mediation effect model. The research findings indicate that: (1) Rural digital economy can significantly reduced agricultural carbon emissions, and this result remained robust after various robustness checks; (2) Rural industrial integration played a mediating role between rural digital economy and agricultural carbon emissions; (3) Heterogeneity analysis showed that, the impact of rural digital economy on agricultural carbon emissions was more significant in non-grain-producing regions and areas with low fiscal support for agriculture. Based on these findings, suggestions were proposed to promote the development of rural digital economy and accelerate the integration of rural industries.