Abstract: From the perspective of complexity, this paper combined two emerging methods of NCA and fsQCA, and took field research cases as research samples to explore the complex condition configuration of rural collective economic development. The study found that, a single factor did not constitute a necessary condition for the development of rural collective economy. There were three types of promotive configurations, and different configurations represent multiple ways to promote the development of rural collective economy. There were also three types of inhibitory configurations, and different configurations represent multiple reasons for the difficulties in the development of rural collective economy. Further analysis showed that, the development of rural collective economy had the characteristics of causal asymmetry, different approaches to the same goal, and multiple causes. Therefore, each subject should realize the feasibility of the development path through the adaptation of multiple conditions,at the same time strengthen the synergy between the elements and create a good development environment, so as to promote the overall development of the rural collective economy as a whole.