Abstract: Food security is related to social harmony and the people’ s sense of accessibility,well-being and security, and plays the role of a cornerstone in comprehensively advancing Chinese-style modernization and solidly promoting the process of common prosperity. On the premise of reinterpreting the connotation of food security, this article constructed a food security measurement system that coordinated the development of “food” security and “eating” security, and analyzed the main factors affecting food security through an obstacle model. On this basis, it further explored the impact of food security on common prosperity. The results showed that, China’ s level of food security had made a leap from moderately unbalanced to well-coordinated during the period 2013-2021; Cultivated land, agricultural technology level, fluctuation of grain yield, use of agricultural chemicals, and grain price index were the biggest obstacles affecting food security; The impact of food security on common prosperity was systematic, and it was necessary to coordinate the promotion of “food” security and “eating” security in order to help improve the level of common prosperity. Finally, the paper put forward countermeasures and suggestions to ensure China’ s food security and promote the early realization of common prosperity of all people in the context of Chinese path to modernization.