Abstract: Based on the research data of 458 farm households in Gansu, Liupanshan District, the influence and mechanism of the strength of farmland property rights on the decision to transfer farmland were empirically analyzed using OLS regression and moderated mediation effect model. The results showed that: (1) the strength of farmland property rights, characterized by the dimensions of state empowerment, social norms and behavioral ability, had a significant positive effect on the transfer of farmland; (2) non-farm employment had an intermediary effect on the impact of state empowerment and social norms on the transfer of farmland, and the time spent working outside the farm had a moderating effect on the second half of the above intermediary effects, while there was no moderating intermediary effect on the path of behavioral ability. Therefore, the power of agricultural land should be transferred more to the level of farm households, effectively activating the effectiveness of the system and activating the vitality of production factors, and the government should explore and improve the compensation schemes and policies for farmland withdrawal and strengthen the training of farm households in non-farm employment skills, so as to achieve a deeper and broader optimization of the allocation of farmland resources and promote high-quality development in agriculture and rural areas.